AHMED UZAIR
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Social, Cultural and Humanitarian

International refugee crisis

The Libyan Arab Jamahiriya believes that the human refugee crisis has been a long-standing issue. Despite all the efforts it is one of the most pressing issues concerning the world today. The effect of this problem is far-reaching and therefore requires immediate action.
In Islamic Shari’a refugees are guaranteed protection. Once protection is granted, the foreigner becomes a ‘musta’min’ (a protected person). The principle of granting protection to refugees is in our heritage. Islam therefore recognizes in its own precepts the principle of non-refoulement, which represents the cornerstone of modern-day international refugee law. This is further supported by the fact that 38 per cent of the world’s total refugees; Muslim countries host some 16.9 million .
The Libyan Arab Jamahiriya has signed and ratified the Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention on specific aspects of refugee problems in Africa, which provides a broad definition and a legal basis for refugee protection, as well as an obligation to co-operate with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). We have also ratified the international convention on the protection of the Rights of all Migrants Workers and Member of their Families (2004)
We believe that primary responsibility for providing protection to refugees lies with states, notably the country in which the individual has sought asylum.
Origins of major refugee population are from mainly Afghanistan (2,481,000 app.) Burundi (574,000), Sudan, Angola, Somalia, Democratic republic of Congo, Iraq, Eritrea etc.
The problem has risen from
Ø Chronic poverty i.e. droughts and food shortages in the originating regions
Ø Lack of respect of fundamental human rights in the originating regions
Ø Civil war in neighboring countries
Ø Libyan open door policy
Ø Libyan proximity to Europe
Ø Better protection in our country
Ø Better economic opportunities
Libya proposes following steps to the problem:

Ø People in the host countries should understand the problems faced by refugees. I.e. build awareness
Ø Procedure for determining the eligibility of asylum should be fair and comprehensive
Ø Asylum seeking should be encouraged rather then deterred.
Ø If there is any risk of Human right violation then the refugees should not be forced to go back their originating regions
Ø Responsibility sharing can be very helpful in achieving the immediate goals
Ø All host nations should accept their responsibilities
Ø Human Right standard should be kept in mind while making a repartition programs
Ø IDP should be given consideration as well
1. http://www.oic-oci.org/english/conventions/refugees-conf.htm
2. http://www.oic-oci.org/english/conventions/refugees-conf.htm
3. COUNTRY OPERATIONS PLAN: Libya UNHCR 2005

AHMED UZAIR
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Social, Cultural and Humanitarian

Use of Child soldier in armed conflicts
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya believes that child soldiering is an issue that deserves special attention. It is accepted that child soldiering is the worst form of child labor, and that it has left many children vulnerable to various difficulties. Child soldiering is affront to a community. We believe that children, who have a right to play, enjoy their life and deserve the best possible education. Ironically they are left they are left helpless at the hand of these conflicts for which they are ill trained and inadequately equipped. Consequently, they die and even if they survive, they are psychologically and physically traumatized. Speaking of this reintegration is the actual part of the issue that needs special consideration. Keeping in mind it is said that children once thrown into violence cannot convert their ways to a peaceful life but this is not the case. Libya believes that careful training and proper environment can become the foundation on which these children can become good citizens. Child soldiering is not just associated with boys but also girls whose plight is even more vulnerable and defenseless. They are beaten, tortured, raped, and sexually exploited. Such exploitation causes irreparable psychological and physical harm. We agree that these children are the adults of tomorrow and their presence in such ruthless conflict is in no way justified. Children whether as fighters, sex slaves, or porters become the first and easiest victims of conflict. We have repeatedly heard the notion and it deserves further stress: “(we are) digging the graveyards for the future generations instead of securing for them a bright future.”
Out of the entire child soldiers (300, 000) nearly half (120,000) are in Africa. Libya has taken up a very strict stance on the matter and is strongly against child soldiering. We have ratified all the convention on the issue and fully support international steps.
Causes of the said problem can be categorized as follow
Ø Poverty
Ø Long standing civil wars
Ø High percentage of population is children
Ø Abduction, i.e. children captured.
Ø Changing nature of warfare i.e. from armies fighting to gorilla type fighting
Ø Lack of education and public knowledge
Ø Proliferation of small arms

Solution can be categorized in following ways
1.Prevention 2. Demobilization 3.Reintigraiton
We believe that systematic procedure should be developed to alleviate the root causes of child soldiering, returning of the children who are participating in war and pave the ay for the reintegration of these children. We would like to propose:
Ø Long standing conflicts should be resolved by international pressure and persuasion
Ø Poverty should be addressed
Ø Better Economic Infrastructure
Ø All parties should be pressurized to prevent the recruitment of children as soldiers
Ø There must be a mutual understanding of the drastic consequences of the child soldiering
Ø Immediately the parties should demobilize the children of war
Ø Children must be given consideration in all treatise
Ø Provide basic health care and educational facilities for the these children
Ø Provide Employment opportunities for these children

HI ... All ... Well Today is 24th of Nov and the days to the Model UN are approaching reall fast . WEll I would like to post a " position paper " that I worked on . It is related to the issue , what I as the libyan deligate has to say about it and what possible solution to the problem do I propose . Well you will see when you will read it ... :)

Ahmed Uzair
Position Paper
Topic 1:

Use of Child Soldier in Armed Conflict

Child soldiering is an issue that is primary linked with armed conflicts. It is accepted that child soldiering is the worst form of child labor and has left many children vulnerable to difficulties. Child soldiering is affront to a community. Children who have a right to play and enjoy there life and deserve being given the best possible education are left hopelessly at the hand of these conflicts for which they are ill trained and inadequately equipped. And consequently they die and even if they survive they are badly psychologically as well as physically traumatized. Speaking of this, reintegration is the part of this issue that needs special consideration although it is said that children once thrown into violence cannot convert their ways to a peaceful life but this is not the case. Careful training and proper environment can provide the basis and the grounds on which these children can become good citizens. Child soldiering is not just associated with boys but also with girls who are relatively even more vulnerable and defenseless. They are beaten, tortured, raped and sexually exploited[i]. Such exploitation caused irreparable psychological and physical harm[1] these girls often become pregnant and are thus left homeless and deprived of everything as society as a whole is unwilling to accept them. It is to be noted that these children are the adults of tomorrow and their presence in such a ruthless conflict is in no way justified. Children whether as fighters, sex slaves or porters become the first and easiest victims of conflict[2]. Some times these children are left stranded in a conflict this is not even theirs (which is usually political) We have repeatedly heard the notion but it deserves further stress that “(we are) digging the graveyards for the future generations instead of securing for them a bright future”[3]

About 250 million children[4] around the world are being subjected to labor exploitation and there are approximately 300,000 [5] child soldiers around the world and nearly half (120,000)[6] are in Africa. Libya has taken up a very strict stance on the matter and is strongly against child soldiering. We have strongly stressed on the fact that extreme poverty is the reason behind such wide spread catastrophe.[7]

Causes of the said problem could be categorized as follows.
poverty
long standing civil war
high percentage of population are children
illegal adoption
abduction
lack of education and public knowledge [8]
proliferation of small arms

A brief solution to these problems is suggested; broadly it is divided into three parts

1. Prevention
2. Demobilization
3. Reintegration[9]
vulnerable

A systematic procedure should be developed to alleviate the root causes of child soldiering

Long standing conflicts should be resolved by international pressure and persuasion
Poverty should be addressed.
better economic infra structure
provide basic health and educations facilities
All parties should be pressurized to prevent the recruitment of children[10]
There must be a mutual understanding of the drastic consequences of the child soldiering
Immediately the parties should demobilize the children of war
Children should be given consideration in all treatise [11]
Demobilization and Social Reintegration of Child Soldiers[12]

1. CATHERINE OTITI (Uganda) at Press Release GA/SHC/3539 SPECIAL EFFORTS ARE NEEDED FOR RECOVERY OF CHILD SOLDIERS, THIRD COMMITTEE TOLD DURING DEBATE ON CHILDREN'S RIGHTS 19991028
2. Third Committee - 1a - Press Release GA/SHC/3539 25th Meeting (AM) 28 October 1999
3. IBRAHIM M. KAMARA (Sierra Leone) at Third Committee - 1a - Press Release GA/SHC/3539 25th Meeting (AM) 28 October 1999
4. Third Committee - 1a - Press Release GA/SHC/3539 25th Meeting (AM) 28 October 1999
5. http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/crp/maputo-declaration.htm
6. http://www.worldbank.org/html/extdr/hnp/hddflash/workp/docs/wp_00056.doc
7. Libyan Delegate at Third Committee - 1a - Press Release GA/SHC/3539 25th Meeting (AM) 28 October 1999
8. http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/crp/maputo-declaration.htm
9. Third Committee - 1a - Press Release GA/SHC/3539 25th Meeting (AM) 28 October 1999
10. By Beth Verhey published in the Africa Region Working Paper Series
11. http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/crp/maputo-declaration.htm
12. http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/crp/maputo-declaration.htm
13. http://www.hrw.org